Lets Start Preparing
16 महाजनपद और उनकी राजधानियाँ
वज्जी की राजधानी वैशाली थी
| महाजनपद |
राजधानी |
| मत्स्य | विराट नागरी |
| कम्बोज | राजपूत, हाटक |
| अस्माक | पटना, पोतन |
| अंग | चंपा |
| वत्स | कौशाम्बी |
| काशी | बनारस, वाराणसी |
| अवंती (उत्तर/दक्षिण) | उज्जैन/महिष्मती |
| कौशल | श्रावस्ती |
| शूरसेन | मथुरा |
| मगध | राजगृह,वैशाली,पाटलिपुत्र,गिरिवराज |
| चेदि | शुक्तिमति |
| पांचाल (उत्तर/दक्षिण) | अहिच्छत्र/कम्पिल्य |
| मल्ल | कुशीनगर, कुशावती |
| कुरु | इंद्रप्रस्थ |
| वज्जी | वैशाली ,विदेह,मिथिला |
| गांधार | तक्षशिला |
CGL Mains, Pre GK, History Class 8th Notes
1. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was founded in 1928 at Ferozeshah Kotla in Delhi
2. Bhagat Singh and B.K. Dutt threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly – 8 April, 1929
3. Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian woman to become President of the Indian National Congress (1925)
4. Ghana (Gold Coast) became the first Sub-Saharan African country to gain independence – in 1957
5. Muslim League announced “Direct Action Day” – 16 August 1946
6. Government of India Act of 1935 – provincial autonomy
7. Who led the Salt Satyagraha protest in Tamil Nadu? – C. Rajagopalachari, popularly known as Rajaji
8. Free India’s first Indian Governor-General – C. Rajagopalachari
9. President of the Congress in 1931 – Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
10. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, the Pashtun leader from – the North West Frontier Province
11. Who is also known as Badshah Khan – Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
12. Who was the founder of the Khudai Khidmatgars – a powerful non-violent movement – Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
लोरेंज वक्र, कुजनेट वक्र, लाफ़र वक्र, फिलिप्स वक्र क्या दर्शाती है?
लोरेंज वक्र – किसी देश के लोगों की आय असमानता को निर्धारित करता है।
कुजनेट वक्र – बाजार की ताकतों और आय का चित्रमय प्रतिनिधित्व है। पर्यावरण कुजनेट वक्र यह पर्यावरणीय गुणवत्ता और आर्थिक विकास के बीच एक परिकल्पित संबंध है। आय असमानता और आर्थिक विकास के बीच एक उल्टे यू-आकार का संबंध दर्शाते है।
लाफ़र वक्र – यह कराधान की दरों और सरकार के कर राजस्व के परिणामी स्तरों के बीच सैद्धांतिक संबंध
फिलिप्स वक्र – मुद्रास्फीति और बेरोजगारी का स्थिर और व्युत्क्रम संबंध है।
CGL, HPSC, UPSC Class 8th History Notes
1. The Surat Split of the (INC) Indian National Congress – 1907
2. Reunited in December 1915 & Reunion at Lucknow ( 1916 )
3. When was the lucknow pact signed – 1916
4. Russian Revolution – 1917
5. In 1895, Mahatma Gandhi and other Indians established the Natal Congress to fight against racial discrimination
6. Natal Congress was founded by Gandhi Ji and others in Durban, South Africa, in 1895
7. Gandhi Ji arrived in India from South Africa in 1915
8. Ahmedabad mill strike – 1918
9. Gandhi used the means of hunger strike for the first time during Ahmedabad mill strike
10. Rabindranath Tagore expressed the pain and anger of the country by renouncing his knighthood after Jallianwala Bagh atrocities
Class 8th History Notes for SSC CGL, HPSC, UPSC
1. Indian mirror was published in – Calcutta,
2. Indian mirror Newspaper was started by – Devendra Nath Tagore in 1862 (English)
3. Congress demanded reduction of revenue, cut in military expenditure, and more funds for irrigation.
4. Bal Gangadhar Tilak raised the slogan, “Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it!”
5. Kesari, a Marathi newspaper edited by Bal Gangadhar Tilak
6. When Bengal partitioned In 1905 – Viceroy Curzon
7. The movement Vande Mataram in deltaic Andhra region was known as -The Swadeshi Movement
8. Lala Lajpat Rai was also an active member of the Arya Samaj
9. A group of Muslim landlords and nawabs formed the All India Muslim League at Dacca in 1906
10. League supported the partition of Bengal
Some Of Important Authors and Their Books:-
My experiments with Truth – Mahatma M.K.Gandhi
Far from the Madding Crowd – Thomas Hardy
Geetanjali – Rabindra Nath Tagore
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich – Alexander Solzhenitsyn
The Merchant of Venice – William Shakespeare
The Moon and Six pence – Somerset Maughan
Pilgrim’s Progress from this world to that which is to come – John Bunyan
A Tale of Two Cities – Charles Dickens
Utopia – Sir Thomas Moor
Origin of species- Charles Darwin
David Copperfield – Charles Dickens
A passage to India – E.M.Forster
Gulliver’s Travels -Jonathan Swift
Discovery of India – Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
The Vicar of Wakefield – Oliver Goldsmith
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire – Edward Gibbon
The Lady of the Last Minstrel – Sir Walter Scott
Pride and Prejudice – Jane Austen
Time Machine- H.G. Wells
Arthashastra – Kautilya
Le Contract Social – Jean Jacques Rousseau
Avigyan Sakuntalam –Kalidas
Anand Math – Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay
Mein Kampf -Adolf Hitler
Ain-i-Akbari- Abul Fazal – Akbar-Nama Abul Fazal
Shakuntala – Kalidas
War and peace – Leo Tolstoy
A Dangerous place – D.P. Moynihan
Raghuvamsa – Kalidas
Adventures of Sherlock Holmes – Arthur Conan Doyle
Adventures of Tom Saweyer – Mark Twain
Agni Veena – Kazi Nazrul Islam
Alice in Wonderland – Lewis Carrol
Ancient Mariner – Coleridge
Animal Farm – George Orwell
Anna Karenina – Tolstoy
Antony and Cleopatra – Shakespeare
Arms and the Man – G.B.Shaw
Around the World in eighty days – Jules Verne
Baburnama – Babur
Ben Hur – Lewis Wallace
Bhagwat Gita – Ved Vyas
Bisarjan – R.N.Tagore
Canterbury Tales – Chaucer
Chitra – R.N.Tagore
Count of Monte Cristo- Alexander Dumas
Crime and Punishment- Dostoevsky
Das Kapital- Karl Marx
Divine Comedy- Dante
Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde- Stevenson
Don Quixote- Cervantes
Dr.Zhivago- Boris Pasternak
For whom the Bell Tolls – Ernest Hemingway
Forsyte Saga- John Galsworthy
Freedom at Midnight – Dominique Lapierre
Gathering Storm- Winston Churchill
Geet Govind- Jaya Dev
Gora- R.N. Tagore
Hamlet – Shakespeare
Harsha Charit- Bana Bhatt
Hunchback of Notre Dame- Victor Hugo
Hungry Stones – R.N.Tagore
Illiad- Homer
Invisible Man- H.G.Wells
Ivanhoe Walter – Scott
Jungle Book- Rudyard Kipling
Kadambari- Bana Bhatt
Kidnapped- R.L.Stevenson
Kumar Sambhav- Kalidas
Mahabharata- Vyas
Man and Superman – G.B.Shaw
Meghdut – Kalidas
Mother – Maxim Gorky
Odyssey Homer
The Post Office – R.N.Tagore
Principia – Issac Newton
Ramayana -Valmiki
The Tempest Shakespeare
Sunny Days – Sunil Gavaskar
The One Day Wonders – Sunil Gavaskar
Bachelor of Arts – R.K.Narayan
Chandalika – Rabindra Nath Tagore
Comedy of Errors – William Shakespeare
Glimpses of World History – Jawaharlal Nehru
Guide – R.K.Narayan
Hindu View of Life – Dr.S.Radha Krishnan
Hungry Stones – Rabindra Nath Tagore
India Divided – Dr.Rajendra Prasad
My Truth – Indira Gandhi
Wealth of Nations – Adam Smith
SSC may ask questions on ancient India. Here are all important facts.
Oldest Civilization:- Indus Civilization (2500 BC to 1750 BC)
Harappa:-
River – Ravi
Country – Pakistan
Excavator – Daya Ram Sahni (1921)
Facts – 6 Granaries in row, Working floors, cemetery, Mother Goddess (Matridevi)
Mohenjodaro:-
River – Indus
Country – Pakistan
Excavator – RD Bannerji (1922)
Facts – Great Granary, Great Bath, shell strips, Pashupati Mahadeva, painted seal, a fragment of woven cotton, maximum numbers of seals found, 7 times flood signs
Chanhudaro:-
River – Indus
Country – Pakistan
Excavator – N. G. Majumdar (1931)
Facts – City without citadel, Inkpot, Bead makers
Kalibanga:-
River – Ghaggar
Country – Rajasthan, India
Excavator – Amalanand Ghosh (1951)
Facts – Pre Harappan, Ploughed field surface
Lothal:-
River – Bhogava
Country – Gujarat, India
Excavator – S.R. Rao (1954)
Facts – Dockyard, Rice husk, Fire Altars
Banawali:-
River – Ghaggar
Country – Haryana, India
Excavator – R. S. Bist (1973)
Facts – found large quantity of barley (oat)
Dholavira:-
River – Luni
Country – Gujarat, India
Excavator – J. P. Joshi (1967-68)
Facts – Site was divied into 3 parts, Unique water management system
Surkotada:-
Country – Gujarat, India
Excavator – J. P. Joshi
Facts – Bones of horse
Main Crop of Indus Civilization:-
Barley
Chronologically Questions Based on Mahatma Gandhi Life:-
Q.1 Date Of Birth Of Mahatma Gandhi?
Ans. 2 October 1869, Porbandar
Q.2 Autobiography of M. K. Gandhi
Ans. The Story of My Experiments with Truth
Q.3 Sails for England?
Ans. 1888
Q.4 Leaves for South Africa?
Ans. 1893
Q.5 Pravasi Bharatiya Divas is celebrated on?
Ans. Return of Mahatma Gandhi to India 9th January Every Year.
Q. When did the Congress (Gandhi) started its non cooperation movement?
Ans – 1920
Q. When was civil disobedience movement started?
Ans On March 12, 1930.
Q. From Where Gandhi led the Dandi March?
Ans. He started from his base, Sabarmati Ashram, near the city of Ahmedabad. He walked for 240 miles (390 km) to the coastal village of Dandi. He reached there on 24th day to Dandi to produce salt without paying the tax.
Q When Gandhi broke the salt laws?
Ans – at 6:30 am on 6 April 1930
Q. How many round table conferences were held?
Ans 3
Q. What is Gandhi–Irwin Pact?
Ans. It was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931 before the second Round Table Conference in London.
Q. Which Round Table Conference did Gandhi attend?
Ans. Second Round Table Conference
(On August 29, 1931, Gandhi sailed for England in SS Rajputana ship to attend the Second Round Table Conference)
Q. Who was sole representative of the Indian National Congress in 2nd Round Table Conference?
Ans. Gandhi Ji
Q. Simla Conference?
Ans. Simla Conference was held in 1945. It was meeting between the Viceroy and the major political leaders of British India at Simla
Q. Gandhi Ji was assassinated ?
Ans. 30 January 1948, New Delhi
Who is Chittaranjan Das or Deshbandhu?:-
1. Chittaranjan Das is known as Deshbandhu
2. He is founder of the Swaraj Party in Bengal under British rule.
NCERT History Class 8 Notes for SSC UPSC
1. Ilbert Bill was a legislative act introduced – in 1883
2. Ilbert Bill is related to – to allow senior Indian magistrates to preside over cases involving British subjects
3. Viceroys was associated with the ‘ilbert Bill Controversy’ – Viceroy Ripon
4. Indian National Congress was founded at Bombay in December 1885
5. Early leadership of Indian National Congress – Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, W.C. Bonnerji, Surendranath Banerji, Romesh Chandra Dutt, S. Subramania Iyer etc.
6. First Session – held at Bombay in 1885. President: W.C. Bannerjee
7. 1906 Session – Calcutta. President: Dadabhai Naoroji
8. 1924 Session – Belgaum. President: M.K. Gandhi
9. 1938 Session – Haripura. President: Subhas Chandra Bose
10. Dadabhai Naoroji published which book – Poverty and Un-British Rule in India